1. 创建数据库,切换数据库
create database testdb2;use testdb2;
2. 创建管理表
create table emp(empno int,empname string,job string,mgr int,hiredate string,salary double,comm double,deptno int)row format delimitedfields terminated by '\t'; 加载数据load data local inpath '/opt/test/emp.txt' overwrite into table emp;
3. 创建外部表 创建外部表时直接指定表位置 上传数据文件到指定路径
hdfs dfs -mkdir /user/hive/warehouse/testdb2.db/emp_exthdfs dfs -put emp.txt /user/hive/warehouse/testdb2.db/emp_ext/
在hive中创建数据表指定location
create external table emp_ext(empno int,empname string,job string,mgr int,hiredate string,salary double,comm double,deptno int)row format delimitedfields terminated by '\t'location '/user/hive/warehouse/testdb2.db/emp_ext/';
4. 创建分区表
create table emp_part(empno int,empname string,job string,mgr int,hiredate string,salary double,comm double,deptno int)partitioned by (year string, month string)row format delimitedfields terminated by '\t';
注:分区字段不能与表中其他字段重复,否则报错
FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10035]: Column repeated in partitioning columns 加载数据 从本地拷贝emp.txt到分区表目录中load data local inpath '/opt/test/emp.txt' into table emp_part partition (year='2016', month='3');load data local inpath '/opt/test/emp.txt' into table emp_part partition (year='2016', month='4');
用hdfs中指定位置的数据,增加分区表中数据,此操作不会移动数据文件到分区表目录中
alter table emp_part add partition (year='2016', month='5') location '/data';
load data inpath '/emp.txt' into table emp_part partition (year='2016', month='6');
5.其他创建表的方式 (1) create-as
create table emp3 asselect * from emp;
create table emp4 like emp;load data local inpath '/opt/test/emp.txt' overwrite into table emp4;
insert overwrite table emp4 select * from emp;
6.指定表存储格式与压缩格式 (1) 指定orc格式
create table emp_orc(empno int,empname string,job string,mgr int,hiredate string,salary double,comm double,deptno int)stored as orc;
指定为非文本格式时无需再指定row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
插入数据insert into table emp_orc select * from emp;
可以利用已有的ORC存储格式的表创建新的ORC表
create table emp_orc2 like emp_orc;插入数据insert overwrite table emp_orc2 select * from emp;
(2) 指定orc+snappy格式 a)先创建表,再插入数据
create table emp_orc_snappy(empno int,empname string,job string,mgr int,hiredate string,salary double,comm double,deptno int)stored as orc tblproperties("orc.compression"="snappy");插入数据insert overwrite table emp_orc_snappy select * from emp;
create table emp_orc_snappy2 like emp_orc tblproperties ("orc.compression"="snappy");insert overwrite table emp_orc_snappy2 select * from emp;
create table emp_orc_snappy3stored as orc tblproperties("orc.compression"="snappy")as select * from emp;
hive -e "select * from db_hive01.emp"
hive -f emp.hql
hive --hiveconf hive.root.logger=DEBUG,console
insert overwrite local directory '/opt/test/local' row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'select * from emp;
如果不指定row format delimited fields terminated by '\t',字段间默认没有分割符
b)hive -e 'select * from testdb2.emp' >> ./emp_export.txt
(2)导出到hdfs a)
insert overwrite directory '/export_data' select * from emp;
hive 0.13.1版本还不支持导出数据到hdfs时指定分隔符row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
b)export table emp to '/export_data';
导出后会在会生成/export_data/data目录, emp.txt存放在此目录中,即/export_data/data/emp.txt
9. 排序 (1)order by 全局排序insert overwrite local directory '/opt/test/local' row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'select * from emp order by empno;
set mapreduce.job.reduces=3;insert overwrite local directory '/opt/test/local' row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'select * from emp distribute by deptno sort by empno;
select upper(empname) from emp;select unix_timestamp(trackTime) from bflog limit 3 ;select year(hiredate) from emp ;select month(hiredate) from emp ;select hour(hiredate) from emp ;select substr(hiredate,1,4) from .emp ;select split(hiredate,'-')[1] from emp ;select reverse(hiredate) from emp ;select concat(empno,'-',empname) from emp ;case when 条件1 then ... when 条件2 then ... else end
可以使用desc function substr 查看函数说明, substr第二个参数为index 从1技术,第三个参数为length
11. 自定义UDFadd jar /opt/test/mylower.jar ;CREATE TEMPORARY FUNCTION mylower AS 'org.gh.hadoop.hive.MyLower';
12. 使用正则表达式加载数据字段
create table beifenglog(remote_addr string,remote_user string,time_local string,request string,status string,body_bytes_sent string,request_body string,http_referer string,http_user_agent string,http_x_forwarded_for string,host string)row format serde 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.contrib.serde2.RegexSerDe'with serdeproperties("input.regex" = "(\\\"[\\d\\.]+\\\") (\\\"[^ ]+\\\") (\\\".*?\\\") (\\\".*?\\\") (\\\"\\d+\\\") (\\\"\\d+\\\") ([^ ]+) (\\\"[^ ]+\\\") (\\\".*?\\\") (\\\"[^ ]+\\\") (\\\"[^ ]+\\\")")stored as textfile; 加载原表数据load data local inpath '/opt/test/beifenglog.data' overwrite into table beifenglog;
可以使用工具调试正则:http://tool.chinaz.com/regex
13.注意点 (1)在创建表(无论管理表还是外部表)时,如果没有指定location,可以使用load data加载数据 a) 指定本地目录中的数据,会上传数据文件到hdfs中 b) 指定hdfs中数据文件,如果指定的路径与表所在的目录不一致,则移动数据文件到表目录中create external table emp_ext2 like emp;load data inpath '/emp.txt' into table emp_ext2;会把/emp.txt移动到/user/hive/warehouse/testdb2.db/emp_ext2/目录中
create table emp2 like emp;load data inpath '/emp.txt' into table emp2;会把/emp.txt移动到/user/hive/warehouse/testdb2.db/emp2/目录中
(2)create-like时不能指定stored as为其他格式,否则报错 以下操作会报错 FAILED: ParseException line 1:31 missing EOF at 'stored' near 'emp'
create table emp_orc2 like emp stored as orc;